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Beyond the Quest for the Historical Jesus: Memoir of a Discovery, by Thomas L. Brodie
Free Ebook Beyond the Quest for the Historical Jesus: Memoir of a Discovery, by Thomas L. Brodie
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In the past forty years, while historical-critical studies were seeking with renewed intensity to reconstruct events behind the biblical texts, not least the life of Jesus, two branches of literary studies were finally reaching maturity. First, researchers were recognizing that many biblical texts are rewritings or transformations of older texts that still exist, thus giving a clearer sense of where the biblical texts came from; and second, studies in the ancient art of composition clarified the biblical texts' unity and purpose, that is to say, where biblical texts were headed. The primary literary model behind the gospels, Brodie argues, is the biblical account of Elijah and Elisha, as R.E. Brown already saw in 1971. In this fascinating memoir of his life journey, Tom Brodie, Irishman, Dominican priest, and biblical scholar, recounts the steps he has taken, in an eventful life in many countries, to his conclusion that the New Testament account of Jesus is essentially a rewriting of the Septuagint version of the Hebrew Bible, or, in some cases, of earlier New Testament texts. Jesus' challenge to would-be disciples (Luke 9.57-62), for example, is a transformation of the challenge to Elijah at Horeb (1 Kings 19), while his journey from Jerusalem and Judea to Samaria and beyond (John 2.23-4.54) is deeply indebted to the account of the journey of God's Word in Acts 1-8. The work of tracing literary indebtedness and art is far from finished but it is already possible and necessary to draw a conclusion: it is that, bluntly, Jesus did not exist as a historical individual. This is not as negative as may at first appear. In a deeply personal coda, Brodie begins to develop a new vision of Jesus as an icon of God's presence in the world and in human history.
- Sales Rank: #689926 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Sheffield Phoenix Press Ltd
- Published on: 2012-09-06
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.21" h x .58" w x 6.14" l, .85 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 274 pages
Features
- Used Book in Good Condition
Most helpful customer reviews
54 of 60 people found the following review helpful.
A great counterpoint to Bart Ehrman's book Did Jesus Exist
By Tom Dykstra
The "discovery" in "Memoir of a Discovery" is Brodie's realization that Jesus is a literary character and did not exist as a historical person at all. This is diametrically opposed to the thesis of Bart Ehrman's book Did Jesus Exist?: The Historical Argument for Jesus of Nazareth which answers that question with an unqualified "yes."
Ehrman's book repeats over and over again the assertion that no reputable New Testament scholars deny the historicity of Jesus, and Brodie's book certainly blows that assertion out of the water. Brodie is an established biblical scholar who heads an institution devoted to biblical scholarship and has published widely on topics in New Testament studies.
Ehrman's key point is the existence of multiple independent witnesses to the historical Jesus. Brodie argues that none of these are genuinely independent witnesses. All of the New Testament sources are actually dependent on Old Testament texts and each other, and later sources are dependent on the New Testament. Ehrman cites Josephus as another independent witness, and Brodie discounts that independence also. He points out that a genuinely independent witness generally provides information we don't find elsewhere, but Josephus doesn't. Moreover, Josephus could have had access to the gospels, and Brodie cites evidence making that plausible.
Ehrman makes much of his criteria for historicity, but he virtually ignores all of the scholarly work being done of late on criteria for literary dependence. As a result, the Ehrman book "cannot deal adequately with Price and Thompson, and shows little awareness that -- whatever some of their opinions -- their work has a place in a central new field of biblical research." (229)
A key problem with Ehrman's approach, which Brodie corrects, is that Rule One in any valid list of criteria for historicity would be to determine the literary context of a source, and this is missing from Ehrman's approach. As Brodie puts it, "If a newspaper announces cheap flights to Mars, it is important to note whether the advertisement occurs in the Travel Section or in the Cartoons-and-Jokes Page. Clarity on the literary factor is Rule One." (122) The gospels can be seen as having been intentionally written to look like history though most of their stories come from rewriting Old Testament texts. Given that understanding, the simplest interpretation that explains the literary data is to see the gospels as portrayals of a literary character. "In essence: once the literary connection is seen, the historical explanation is unnecessary; it goes beyond what is needed to explain the data." (159)
Brodie also addresses Ehrman's insistence on the reliability of oral tradition and his assertion that early Christians would not have invented a crucified messiah. Literary connections make oral tradition unnecessary, and "when there was a need to express the ancient contradiction or paradox between God-based hope and life's inevitable sufferings it was appropriate to express those sufferings in a clear contemporary image -- Roman crucifixion. It was doubly appropriate in the context of a rhetorical world that sought dramatic effect and energeia (graphic presentation) . . ." (230-1)
I highly recommend reading Brodie's Beyond the Quest for the Historical Jesus after reading Ehrman's Did Jesus Exist. You'll read something that comes off as absolutely certain and then read a counterpoint that calls into question everything you were just starting to take for granted. Even if you don't agree with everything Brodie says, you can't help but recognize the reasonableness and validity of most of his arguments, yet according to Ehrman such arguments are unreasonable and invalid.
25 of 33 people found the following review helpful.
Jesus Symbol of God
By Steve Beck
This is one of the best books I've ever read on the historicity of Jesus and the formation of the New Testament. Brodie states that the life of Jesus is completely derived from Old Testament stories; he gives several examples to demonstrate this; and he describes the compellingly logical methods he used to reach his conclusions. He concludes that in the New Testament Jesus symbolizes god, and that Paul, also a fictional character, symbolizes Moses. But despite his realization that the NT is a reworking and modernization of the OT, and that both books are populated by swarms of fictional characters, Brodie, oblivious to the fact that god is but one more fictional biblical character, insists without evidence that god planned that the NT would come out exactly the way it did! (127, note 2) Brodie, so analytical and brilliant when determining that Jesus and Paul are myths created by unknown authors, fumbles when it comes to god's authorship. Why doesn't he apply the same detective skills in tracking down god's hand in all this as he does with the rest of his book?
Brodie throws in a little theology, arguing unconvincingly that god exists, offering a garbled apologetic explanation of the problem of evil, and naively stating his belief in the harmony of science and religion.
I especially enjoyed Brodie's insightful approach to Josephus, a supposedly independent witness to Jesus' existence. Brodie points out that even if Josephus did mention Jesus, which is questionable, he very likely read about him in the gospels, which of course indicates that he probably was not an independent witness.
I read that Tom Brodie, who is a Catholic priest, was rewarded by his church for writing this book with a suspension from his teaching duties--such a reward for such a good book.
15 of 23 people found the following review helpful.
Surprizing, unusual, novel, sure to be controversial
By D. Peter Humphrys
Brodie essentially writes an auto-biography of his time as a teacher and researcher in the Catholic church as a Dominican priest. The key conclusion that he has come to during his life's work is that both Jesus and Paul were not actual historical figures, but that they are the reworking of key themes from the Hebrew Bible (particularly narrative, especially the Elijah-Elisha narrative). Hence, this thesis flies in the face of most historical work in early Christian studies where Paul and Jesus are understood as being definite historical individuals.
Personally, I find his thesis so highly implausible that it is simply impossible (for practical purposes), but read it for youself and see what you think.
But please remember that we have to account for why Nero would be able to think that he could use the Christians in Rome as scapegoats for the great fire of 64CE - if most of the New Testament literature was not yet composed at this point, and oral tradition is largely out, and that Jesus and Paul were literary fictions, then what was it that these Christians believed that made them so unpopular and capable of being scapegoated by Nero and yet were functioning as an identifiable group in Rome by 64C.E.? - Broadie only mentions Tacitus briefly without properly dealing with his text, for contra Broadie he does introduce new information, namely that the Christians were hated for their shameful deeds and hatred of the human race, whatever all these entaled, and that Christians were dressed in animal skins and torn to death by dogs as a form of punishment as well as being set alight at night. That is new information not found in the New Testament or Christian sources of the same time as far as I know and I am not buying any sort of argument that Tacitus could have gleaned this information from the Domitianic persecutions or something similar, though Broadie's argument would seem to require something to this effect.
Anyhow, his book is not badly written, it is interesting for sure and I think that it is worthwhile engaging with, though I find him particulary weak on the classical authors mentioning of Jesus - he needs to work that out more carefully to be convincing. As well his analysis tends to rule out that historical individuals could attempt to immitate great individuals from the past, and yet we see this quite often with military leaders after Alexander the Great, a strong example being Trajan's defeat of the Parthians/Ancient Persia and making his way to the Perian Gulf planning to aim for India. So yes, as Broadie will sometimes admit, more work needs to be done on issues which he raises. Not such a great bebuttal to Erhman's did Jesus Exist? but its a decent start. I do not have an intrinsic problem with either/or both Paul and Jesus consciously emmulating previous biblical motifs and characters, but that does not mean that they never existed, that I am not buying, at least not until he makes a stronger caase if he can.
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